Preface
Contributors
Part I: Patterns and Dynamics of Congressional Change
Steven S. Smith
Chapter 1: The Senate’s Struggle to Govern Itself
Partisan Obstructionism and the 60-Vote Senate
Consequences for Senate Parties
Consequences for Legislating
Ruth Bloch Rubin
Chapter 2: Legacies of Leadership in the Contemporary House of Representatives
Thinking About Leader Power
The Perceived Perils of Leading Divided Parties
Evaluating The Conventional Wisdom
Divided Parties, Strong Leaders
Assessing and Comparing Collaborative Capacity
An Evolving Factional Landscape
From Showdown to Shutdown: How Boehner Lost the Republican Conference
The Enduring Costs of Factional Asymmetry
Symmetry Across the Aisle
Part II: Elections, Constituencies, and Representation
Robert S. Erikson and Gerald C. Wright
Chapter 3: Voters, Candidates, Parties, and Issues in Congressional Elections
The National Verdict in House Elections
The Partisan Base of the Congressional Vote
Electoral Change as a Search for Policy Direction
The Role of Candidates in House Contests
Candidates, Issues, and the Vote
Voter responsiveness to candidate ideology: In decline?
Congressional Elections and Representation
House–Senate Differences in Representation
Gary C. Jacobson
Chapter 4: Partisanship, Money, and Competition: Elections and the Transformation of Congress since the 1970s
The Fundamental Trend: Partisan Realignment
Trends in Individual Voting Behavior
The Evolution of Congressional Campaigns
Sources of Campaign Money
Non-Party Independent Spending
Candidate-Centered Elections?
Danielle M. Thomsen
Chapter 5: Candidates and Competition in U.S. House Primaries
Measuring Electoral Competition
Competition: Votes versus Money
Candidates: Number and Quality
Annelise Russell and Maggie Macdonald
Chapter 6: Shaping the Narrative: Congressional Communication and Digital Adaptation
A Forty-Year Evolution of Digital Communication Norms in Congress
Defining a digital press shop and correcting the myths of communication
Digital Communication and New Audiences
Part III: Parties, Polarization, and Interests
Michael D. Minta
Chapter 7: The Future of Black and Latino Interests in a Diverse and Polarized Congress
Diversity and the Substantive Representation of Minority Interests
Empowerment, Incorporation, and Uneven Trust in Congress
Civil Rights Groups and Legislative Advocates
Challenges of Empowerment and Incorporation
Challenges for Black and Latino Leadership
Sarah Binder
Chapter 8: Challenges of Legislating in Partisan Times
Patterns in postwar lawmaking
Explaining legislative deadlock
Lessons from the Obama years
Lessons from the Trump years
Lessons from the Biden years
C. Lawrence Evans
Chapter 9: The Undemocratic Senate
Parties, Polarization, and Demography
Part IV: Congress and the Policy Process
Molly E. Reynolds
Chapter 10: Carrying the Conflict: The Politics of the Budget and Appropriations Process in the Contemporary Congress
An Overview of the Budget and Appropriations Process in the House and Senate
Appropriations Bills as an Arena for Party Conflict: The Case of the House of Representatives
Budget Reconciliation and the Senate Majority Party’s Agenda
Interbranch Negotiations in the Contemporary Environment: The Case of the Fiscal Responsibility Act
James M. Curry and Jason M. Roberts
Chapter 11: The Value of Relationships in a Changing Congress
The Challenge of Lawmaking
How Washington Was & How it Changed
How Relationships Help: Trust & Familiarity
Relationships in Action: The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act
Craig Volden and Alan E. Wiseman
Chapter 12: Reconsidering Lawmaking Effectiveness in a Changing Congress*
Changing Ideology, Changing Demographics
Measuring Lawmaking Effectiveness
Correlates of Lawmaking Effectiveness
Changing Patterns of Effective Lawmaking in Congress
Highly Effective Lawmakers in Today’s Congress
James M. Curry and Frances E. Lee
Chapter 13: Congress: An Enduring Obstacle to Political Parties
Constrained Parties, Not Low Productivity Overall
The False Hope of Party Cohesion
Structural Roadblocks on Capitol Hill
Part V: Congress in a Separation of Powers System
Michael A. Bailey, Forrest Maltzman, and Charles R. Shipan
Chapter 14: Congress and the Judiciary in a Partisan and Polarized Era
Creation of a more politicized and partisan judiciary
A Strategic Court and Congressional Incapacity
Congressional responses to an activist Court
Douglas L. Kriner and Eric Schickler
Chapter 15: Investigative Politics in a Polarized Era
Why Investigations Matter
The Forces Driving Congressional Investigative Activity
Melinda N. Ritchie
Chapter 16: Congress and the Bureaucracy: Back-channel Policymaking
The Evolution of the Separation of Powers
What Does the Court Say about Back-channel Policymaking?
Implications for Representation, Transparency, and Accountability
John A. Dearborn
Chapter 17: Congress, the President, and the Constitutional Order
Reconfiguring the Separation of Powers
Reemphasizing the Separation of Powers
C. Lawrence Evans and Bruce I. Oppenheimer
Chapter 18: The 2024 Elections and Beyond
Interpreting the 2024 Congressional Election Results
Gender and Ethnicity in the New House and Senate
Regional Strengths of the Parties
Suggested Readings
Endnotes