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Crisis Intervention
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Crisis Intervention
A Practical Guide



January 2018 | 456 pages | SAGE Publications, Inc

Crisis Intervention takes into account various environments and populations across the lifespan to provide students with practical guidelines for managing crises. Drawing on over 25 years of relevant experience, authors Alan A. Cavaiola and Joseph E. Colford cover several different types of crises frequently encountered by professionals in medical, school, work, and community settings. Models for effectively managing these crises are presented along with the authors’ own step-by-step approach, the Listen–Assess–Plan–Commit (LAPC) model, giving students the freedom to select a model that best fits their personal style or a given crisis. Future mental health professionals will gain the knowledge, skills, and confidence to help their clients manage the crises they will encounter in their day-to-day lives.

 

 
Chapter 1: Understanding Crisis
Defining Crisis

 
Danger vs. Opportunity

 
Types of Crises

 
Crises Reactions: A Continuum of Response

 
Multicultural Awareness and Crisis Intervention

 
Resources for Chapter Enrichment

 
 
Chapter 2: Crisis Intervention Models: an Exploration of Historical and Contemporary Models
Crisis Assessment Models

 
Crisis Intervention Models

 
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Crisis Intervention

 
Slaikeu’s Comprehensive Model for Crisis Intervention

 
Flannery & Everly’s Crisis Intervention Model

 
Aguilera’s Model of Crisis Intervention

 
Robert’s Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model

 
James and Gilliland’s Six-Step Crisis Intervention Model

 
Greenstone & Leviton’s Crisis Intervention Model

 
Kanel’s A-B-C Model of Crisis Intervention

 
Cavaiola & Colford’s L-A-P-C Model of Crisis Intervention

 
Crisis Intervention Services in the 21st Century

 
Summary

 
Resources for Chapter Enrichment

 
 
Chapter 3: Essential Crisis Intervention Skills
Responses to Crisis

 
The Physical Response

 
The Emotional Response

 
The Cognitive Response

 
Characteristics of Effective Crisis Intervention

 
Empowerment-Focused Crisis Intervention

 
Flexible Crisis Intervention

 
Characteristics of Effective Crisis Counselors

 
Empathy, Genuineness, and Acceptance and Positive Regard

 
Crisis Intervention Techniques: The L-A-P-C model

 
Putting Empathy, Genuineness, and Acceptance Into Practice

 
 
Chapter 4: Child Maltreatment
Discussion Questions

 
Introduction

 
Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect

 
Definitional Issues in Maltreatment

 
Prevalence of Child Abuse and Neglect

 
Possible Indicators of Child Abuse and Neglect

 
General Guidelines for Reporting Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect

 
Resources for Chapter Enrichment

 
 
Chapter 5: Adolescent Crises
Discussion Questions

 
Introduction

 
Historical Perspectives in Adolescence

 
What the Data Say

 
Adolescent Crises

 
Guidelines for Intervening with Eating Disorders

 
Adolescent Suicide

 
Guidelines for Dealing with a Suicidal Adolescent

 
Adolescents and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI): An Overview

 
Guidelines for Treating an Adolescent for Self-Injury

 
An Identity Crisis in Adolescence

 
Guidelines for Addressing Issues of Identity Development

 
Resources for Chapter Enrichment

 
 
Chapter 6: The School’s Response to Crisis
Discussion Questions

 
Introduction

 
Active Shooter Incidents: Results from the FBI and the Secret Service

 
Implications for Schools

 
Case Presentation: A Case Involving A School Shooting

 
Case Discussion/Crisis Resolution

 
Case Presentation: Suicide and the School’s Response

 
Case Discussion/Crisis Resolution

 
Guidelines for Dealing with a School-Related Suicide

 
Case Presentation: Accidental Death of a Student

 
Responding to Accidental Death: The School’s Response

 
Memorials

 
Case Presentation: Middle School and 9/11

 
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution

 
Crisis by Proxy

 
Resources for Chapter Enrichment

 
 
Chapter 7: Alcohol and Drug Crises
Discussion Questions

 
The Scope of Drug and Alcohol Problems

 
Defining Substance Use Disorders: Diagnostic Concerns

 
Crisis Intervention and Case Management

 
General Guidelines for Working with Individuals with Substance Use Disorders

 
Treatment Options

 
Summary

 
Resources for Chapter Enrichment

 
 
Chapter 8: The Crisis of Sexual Assault
Discussion Questions

 
Introduction

 
Statistics

 
Reactions of Victims to Sexual Assault

 
Who are the Perpetrators of Rape and Sexual Assault?

 
What to Do When Sexual Assault Is Reported

 
1-800-656-HOPE

 
Case Presentation: Anita, a Case of Sexual Assault

 
Intervention

 
Case Discussion/Crisis Resolution

 
Case Presentation: Nicole, a Case of Date Rape

 
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution

 
Case Presentation: A Case of Date Rape and Date Rape Drugs

 
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution

 
Case Presentation: Kristin, a Case of Rape

 
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution

 
Guidelines for Treating Victims of Sexual Assault

 
Quiz Answers

 
Resources for Chapter Enrichment

 
 
Chapter 9: Intimate Partner Violence & Domestic Violence
Discussion Questions

 
Scope of the Problem

 
Definitions and Terminology

 
Battered Women

 
Characteristics Common to Batterers

 
The Cycle of Violence

 
Multicultural Considerations

 
Survivor Therapy with Battered Women

 
Programs for Batterers

 
Intimate Partner Stalking

 
Case Presentation: Physical & Verbal Abuse in a Dating Relationships

 
Case Presentation: A Case of Physical & Verbal Abuse

 
Case Presentation: A Verbally and Emotionally Abusive Relationship

 
General Guidelines for Crisis Counseling with Couples Exhibiting Intimate Partner Violence

 
Elder Abuse and Other Types of Domestic Violence

 
Case Presentation: A Case of Elder Abuse

 
Summary

 
Resources for Chapter Enrichment

 
 
Chapter 10: Crises Involving Bereavement, Grief, and Loss
Discussion Questions

 
Defining Grief and Crises of Bereavement

 
Determinants of Grief Reactions

 
The Grieving Process

 
The Tasks of Mourning

 
Crisis Intervention in Situations Involving Bereavement and Loss

 
Case Presentation: George, a Husband Grieves the Loss of His Wife

 
Case Presentation: James and Barbara, a Couple Grieves the Tragic Loss of Their Son

 
Case Presentation: Ryan, a Child Grieves the Loss of His Mother

 
Case Presentations: Tara & Bill, Parents Grieving the Loss of Their Newborn Daughter

 
Case Presentation: Tanya, a Case of Traumatic Bereavement

 
Case Presentation: John, the Grief of Divorce

 
Suicide Bereavement

 
Grieving the Loss of a Pet

 
General Guidelines for Counselors in Managing Crises of Loss and Bereavement

 
Summary

 
Resources for Chapter Enrichment

 
 
Chapter 11: Crises Involving Suicide, Homicide & Lethality
Discussion Questions

 
Introduction

 
Scope and Definition of the Problem

 
Case Presentation: Beth, A Case Involving a Vague Threat of Suicide

 
Case Presentation: Maria, a Case Involving a Threatened Suicide

 
Guidelines for Managing Crises Involving Suicide

 
Crises Involving Homicide, Lethality and Threats of Suicide

 
Case Presentation: Jason, A Case Involving the Threat of Violence

 
Case Presentation: Richard, A Case Involving Threats of Murder/Suicide

 
Summary

 
Resources for Chapter Enrichment

 
 
Chapter 12: Mental Health & Psychiatric Crises
Discussion Questions

 
Scope of the Problem

 
Defining Various Psychiatric Crises

 
Case Presentation: A Case of Panic Disorder in the Aftermath of Trauma

 
Practical Guidelines for Crisis Intervention for Someone with PTSD & Anxiety

 
Practical Guidelines for Crisis Intervention for Someone with Mood Disorders

 
Guidelines for Crisis Intervention for Those with Schizophrenia

 
Crisis Related to Personality Disorders

 
Guidelines for Crisis Intervention with Borderline Personality Disorder

 
Crises Involving Neurocognitive Disorders

 
Crisis Cases Involving Delirium and Dementia

 
Medical Conditions & Medications That Can Mimic Psychiatric Symptoms

 
Psychiatric Crisis Service Delivery: Psychiatric Crisis Hot Lines

 
Psychiatric Crisis Service Delivery: Psychiatric Walk-In Crisis Centers and Mobile Crisis Services

 
Warning Signs of a Mental Health Crisis

 
Multicultural Considerations

 
Summary

 
Resources for Chapter Enrichment

 
 
Chapter 13: Health Crises
Discussion Questions

 
Introduction

 
Defining Medical Crises

 
Emotional-Psychological Response to Medical Crises

 
The Crisis Response of the Family and the Cultural Consideration

 
Case Presentation: A Crisis at the time of Diagnosis

 
Case Presentation: A Treatment Decision Crisis Involving Chronic Back Pain

 
Guidelines for Counselors Working with Medical Crises

 
Summary

 
Resources for Chapter Enrichment

 
 
Chapter 14: Crises in the Workplace
Discussion Questions

 
Introduction

 
Crises Pertaining to Workplace Violence

 
Case Presentation: When Violence Threatens

 
Guidelines for Crisis Intervention with a Potentially Violent Employee

 
Crises Pertaining to Downsizing and Job Termination

 
Case Presentation: “I’ve Been Downsized”

 
Guidelines for Crisis Counseling with a Downsized Employee

 
Crises Pertaining to Supervisor – Coworker Conflict

 
Crises Pertaining to the Convergence of Work Stressors and Outside-of-Work Stressors

 
Summary

 
Resources for Chapter Enrichment

 
 
Chapter 15. Disaster Response
Discussion Questions

 
Introduction

 
Middletown, New Jersey: A Community in Crisis

 
Middletown’s Response to 9/11

 
Middletown’s Favor Answers the Call

 
Middletown and Favor Working Together

 
A Parish Rises Up to Help

 
Resources for Chapter Enrichment

 

“This text includes the authors’ experiences with recent disasters and traumatic events, whereby readers can conceptualize intervention practices via application to cases with which they are likely familiar.” 

Ann M. McCaughan
University of Illinois Springfield

Excellent textbook which contained updated and relevant content pertaining to social work practice with victims experiencing crises and trauma.

Terri Moore Brown
Social Work Dept, Fayetteville State University
February 22, 2021

Sample Materials & Chapters

Chapter 1: Understanding Crisis


For instructors

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