Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Introduction: Congress on the Brink
How Is Congress Perceived Today?
What Does It Mean to Represent?
What Big Challenges Does Congress Face?
Chapter 2: Mastering the Basics: Organization, Rules, and Leaders of the House and Senate
The Constitution and Congress
One Congress, Two Different Chambers
Constituents Empower Representatives
The Modern Institutionalized Congress
Pivotal Players: House and Senate Leadership
Chapter 3: Representation: Making Connections at Home and in Washington
How Do Political Scientists Explain Representation?
Representation at Home: Home Styles
Representation in Washington
Chapter 4: Congressional Elections: The Pathway to Congress
The Institutional Environment
Voting in Congressional Elections
Money in Congressional Campaigns
The General Election Campaign
Chapter 5: Parties in Congress: Power and Polarization
Parties in Congress, 1789–1980
Two-Party Polarization in the Modern Congress, 1960–2024
How Parties Organize Congress
How Party Leaders Wield Power
Chapter 6: The Congressional Committee System: Dividing the Workload
Why Does Congress Have Committees?
What Types of Committees Exist in Congress?
How Are Members Assigned to Committees?
Chapter 7: Policymaking in the Gridlock Era
Why Does Today’s Congress Pass So Few Laws?
What Does Gridlock Look Like in Congress?
How Regular Order Lawmaking Works
How Lawmaking Works in the Gridlock Era
Chapter 8: The Congressional Budget Process: Follow the Money
How Do We Talk About the Federal Budget?
Where Does the Money Come From—And Where Does It Go?
How Is the Budget Process Designed to Work?
How Does the Budget Process Actually Work?
How Might the Budget Process Be Fixed?
Chapter 9: Congress and the President: The Two Ends of Pennsylvania Avenue
What Is the President’s Role in Lawmaking?
How Can the President Make Policy Without Congress?
How Does Representation Affect the Executive-Legislative Relationship?
How Do the President and Congress Balance Power Today?
Chapter 10: Congress, the Courts, and the Bureaucracy: Non-Legislator Legislating
How Does Congress Interact With the Courts?
How Has Polarization Affected the Courts?
How Does Congress Interact With the Bureaucracy
How Does Congressional Oversight Work?
Chapter 11: Congress and External Influences: Interest Groups, Social Movements, and Media
What Are Interest Groups?
How Do Interest Groups Influence Congress?
How Do Social Movements and Activists Influence Congress?
How Does the Media Affect Congress?
Who Do Interest Groups, Social Movements, and Media Represent?
Chapter 12: Conclusion: The Congress We Deserve
How Well Does Congress Represent Us?
How Might We Reform Congress?
Glossary