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Acta Radiologica

Acta Radiologica

Published in Association with Nordic Society of Medical Radiology
Published in Association with Radiological Society of Finland
Published in Association with Society of Radiology in Iceland
Published in Association with Danish Society of Medical Radiology
Published in Association with Norwegian Society of Medical Radiology
Published in Association with Swedish Society of Radiology
Other Titles in:
Imaging & Radiology | Radiology

eISSN: 16000455 | ISSN: 02841851 | Current volume: 65 | Current issue: 4 Frequency: Monthly
Acta Radiologica publishes fully peer reviewed articles from all parts of the world and covers all aspects of radiology, from clinical radiology to experimental work. Published by the societies of medical radiology in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, it is known for articles based on experimental work and contrast media research, giving priority to scientific original papers. The distinguished international editorial board also invite review articles, short communications and technical and instrumental notes.

Acta Radiologica is a fully peer reviewed journal published in Association with the Nordic Society of Medical Radiology, an association of the following radiological societies:

* Society of Radiology in Iceland
* Danish Society of Medical Radiology
* Norwegian Society of Medical Radiology
* Radiological Society of Finland
* Swedish Society of Radiology

Under the editorial leadership of Professor Henrik S. Thomsen and a distinguished editorial board, the journal aims for the prompt publication of original research articles on diagnostic and interventional radiology, clinical radiology, experimental investigations in animals, and all other research related to imaging procedures. Acta Radiologica provides a complete update on all radiological specialties and technical utilities, as well as physiology and physics related to imaging, including ultrasonography, computed tomography, radionuclide and magnetic resonance imaging.

Acta Radiologica provides a unique international information source for radiologists. Contributions are mainly drawn from Northern European institutions, but high quality research from all parts of the world is regularly included. In addition to original papers, Acta Radiologica also publishes invited review articles, short communications, and technical and instrumental notes.

Acta Radiologica is the fully peer reviewed journal of the Scandinavian Societies of Radiology, an association of the radiological societies of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.

Chief Editor
Professor Henrik S. Thomsen Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Denmark
Editorial Board: Abdominal and Gastrointestinal Radiology
Timm Denecke Leipzig University, Germany
Søren R. Rafaelsen Vejle, Denmark
Editorial Board: Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Otso Arponen Department of Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
Editorial Board: Breast Radiology
Fleur Kilburn-Toppin Cambridge, UK
Sophia Zackrisson Department of Translational Medicine Lund University, Sweden
Editorial Board: Cardiac and Cardiovascular Radiology
Whal Lee Dept. of Radiology. Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Giles Roditi NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, UK
Editorial Board: Chest Radiology
Sadayuki Murayama University of the Ryukyus, Japan
Mark O Wielpütz University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
Ohno Yoshiharu Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
Editorial Board: Contrast Media
Fulvio Stacul Cattinara Hospital, Italy
Editorial Board: Head and Neck Radiology
Ravi Lingam London Northwest Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
Editorial Board: Interventional Radiology
Lars Lonn Copenhagen, Denmark
Editorial Board: Musculoskeletal Radiology
Gina Allen St Luke’s Radiology Ltd Oxford and the University of Oxford, UK
David Wilson St Luke's Hospital, UK
Editorial Board: Neuroradiology
Paul Sijens Dept of Radiology, UMCG, Netherlands
Binbin Sui Radiology Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
Editorial Board: Pediatric Radiology
Edward Lee Boston Children's Hospital, USA
Editorial Board: Urogenital Radiology
Teresa Margarida Cunha Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Portugal
Jurgen J Fütterer University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
Ole Graumann Odense University Hospital, Denmark
Byung Kwan Park Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
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  • Manuscript Submission Guidelines: Acta Radiologica

    This Journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics.

    This Journal recommends that authors follow the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals formulated by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).

    Please read the guidelines below and then visit the Journal’s submission site http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/srad to upload your manuscript. Please note that manuscripts not conforming to these guidelines may be returned.

    Only manuscripts of sufficient quality that meet the aims and scope of Acta Radiologica will be reviewed.

    There are no fees payable to submit or publish in this Journal. Open Access options are available - see section 3.3 below.

    As part of the submission process you will be required to warrant that you are submitting your original work, that you have the rights in the work, that you are submitting the work for first publication in the Journal, that it is not being considered for publication elsewhere and has not already been published elsewhere, and that you have obtained and can supply all necessary permissions for the reproduction of any copyright works not owned by you.

    1. What do we publish?
      1.1 Aims & Scope
      1.2 Article types
      1.3 Writing your paper
    2. Editorial policies
      2.1 Peer review policy
      2.2 Authorship
      2.3 Acknowledgements
      2.4 Funding
      2.5 Declaration of conflicting interests
      2.6 Research ethics and patient consent
      2.7 Clinical trials
      2.8 Reporting guidelines
      2.9 Data
    3. Publishing policies
      3.1 Publication ethics
      3.2 Contributor's publishing agreement
      3.3 Open access and author archiving
    4. Preparing your manuscript
      4.1 Formatting
      4.2 Artwork, figures and other graphics
      4.3 Supplementary material
      4.4 Reference style
      4.5 English language editing services
    5. Submitting your manuscript
      5.1 ORCID
      5.2 Information required for completing your submission
      5.3 Permissions
    6. On acceptance and publication
      6.1 Sage Production
      6.2 Online First publication
      6.3 Access to your published article
      6.4 Promoting your article
    7. Further information

    1. What do we publish?

    1.1 Aims & Scope

    Under the editorial leadership of Henrik Thomsen and a distinguished editorial board, the journal aims for the prompt publication of original research articles on diagnostic and interventional radiology, clinical radiology, experimental investigations in animals, and all other research related to imaging procedures. Acta Radiologica provides a complete update on all radiological specialties and technical utilities, as well as physiology and physics related to imaging, including ultrasonography, computed tomography, radionuclide imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Radiologica publishes articles on diagnostic and interventional procedures in radiology based on all medical imaging techniques, as well as works in physiology and physics when related to radiology. Acta Radiologica is owned by the Nordic Society of Radiology, an association of the radiological societies of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. The journal operates with full editorial independence.

    All enquiries should be sent to the Editor, Henrik Thomsen (eic.acta.radiol@gmail.com). Please read the guidelines before submission. Incorrectly formatted articles may be rejected or delayed.

    Before submitting your manuscript to Acta Radiologica, please ensure you have read the Aims & Scope.

    1.2 Article Types

    Acta Radiologica publishes original articles, review articles, short communications, and technical and instrumental notes. Manuscripts dealing with full-length reports, short reports and correspondence will be accepted for consideration, however, correspondences will only be published online and not in the print version. Extensive articles or series can be published as supplements, in which case special conditions apply.

    The following types of manuscripts are no longer accepted: Case reports, clinical observations, pictorial essay, and illustrated letters to the editor. Such manuscripts are recommended to be submitted to our online open access journal Acta Radiologica Open.

    1.3 Writing your paper

    The Sage Author Gateway has some general advice and on how to get published, plus links to further resources. Sage Author Services also offers authors a variety of ways to improve and enhance their article including English language editing, plagiarism detection, and video abstract and infographic preparation.

    1.3.1 Make your article discoverable

    When writing up your paper, think about how you can make it discoverable. The title, keywords and abstract are key to ensuring readers find your article through search engines such as Google. For information and guidance on how best to title your article, write your abstract and select your keywords, have a look at this page on the Gateway: How to Help Readers Find Your Article Online.

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    2. Editorial policies

    2.1 Peer review policy

    Sage does not permit the use of author-suggested (recommended) reviewers at any stage of the submission process, be that through the web-based submission system or other communication.

    Reviewers should be experts in their fields and should be able to provide an objective assessment of the manuscript. Our policy is that reviewers should not be assigned to a paper if:

    •  The reviewer is based at the same institution as any of the co-authors
    •  The reviewer is based at the funding body of the paper
    •  The author has recommended the reviewer
    •  The reviewer has provided a personal (e.g. Gmail/Yahoo/Hotmail) email account and an institutional email account cannot be found after performing a basic Google search (name, department and institution).

    2.2 Authorship

    It is the policy of Acta Radiologica that only one author may be listed as the corresponding author.

    Papers should only be submitted for consideration once consent is given by all contributing authors. Those submitting papers should carefully check that all those whose work contributed to the paper are acknowledged as contributing authors.

    The list of authors should include all those who can legitimately claim authorship. This is all those who:

    1. Made a substantial contribution to the concept or design of the work; or acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data,
    2. Drafted the article or revised it critically for important intellectual content,
    3. Approved the version to be published,
    4. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content.

    Authors should meet the conditions of all of the points above. When a large, multicenter group has conducted the work, the group should identify the individuals who accept direct responsibility for the manuscript. These individuals should fully meet the criteria for authorship.

    Acquisition of funding, collection of data, or general supervision of the research group alone does not constitute authorship, although all contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in the Acknowledgments section. Please refer to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) authorship guidelines for more information on authorship.

    Please note that AI chatbots, for example ChatGPT, should not be listed as authors. For more information see the policy on Use of ChatGPT and generative AI tools.

    *Please note that Acta Radiologica does not usually allow more than seven co-authors on any given manuscript. If you would like to request that an exception to this rule be made for your manuscript please include an explanation as to how each co-author contributed to the work within your title page – bearing in mind the instructions above regarding legitimate authorship.* 

    2.3 Acknowledgements

    All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in an Acknowledgements section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help, or a department chair who provided only general support. 

    Please supply any personal acknowledgements separately to the main text to facilitate anonymous peer review.

    2.3.1 Third party submissions

    Where an individual who is not listed as an author submits a manuscript on behalf of the author(s), a statement must be included in the Acknowledgements section of the manuscript and in the accompanying cover letter. The statements must:

    •    Disclose this type of editorial assistance – including the individual’s name, company and level of input 
    •    Identify any entities that paid for this assistance 
    •    Confirm that the listed authors have authorized the submission of their manuscript via third party and approved any statements or declarations, e.g. conflicting interests, funding, etc.

    Where appropriate, Sage reserves the right to deny consideration to manuscripts submitted by a third party rather than by the authors themselves.
     

    2.3.2 Writing assistance

    Individuals who provided writing assistance, e.g. from a specialist communications company, do not qualify as authors and so should be included in the Acknowledgements section. Authors must disclose any writing assistance – including the individual’s name, company and level of input.

    It is not necessary to disclose use of language polishing services.

    2.4 Funding

    Acta Radiologica requires all authors to acknowledge their funding in a consistent fashion under a separate heading.  Please visit the Funding Acknowledgements page on the Sage Journal Author Gateway to confirm the format of the acknowledgment text in the event of funding, or state that: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

    Please supply your funding declaration within the title page to facilitate anonymous peer review. 

    2.5 Declaration of conflicting interests

    It is the policy of Acta Radiologica to require a declaration of conflicting interests from all authors enabling a statement to be carried within the paginated pages of all published articles.

    Please ensure that a ‘Declaration of Conflicting Interests’ statement is included within your title page and not within the manuscript itself to facilitate anonymous peer review. If no conflict exists, please state that ‘The Author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interest’.

    For guidance on conflict of interest statements, please see the ICMJE recommendations here.

    2.6 Research ethics and patient consent

    Medical research involving human subjects must be conducted according to the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.

    Submitted manuscripts should conform to the ICMJE Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals, and all papers reporting animal and/or human studies must state in the title page that the relevant Ethics Committee or Institutional Review Board provided (or waived) approval. Please ensure that you have provided the full name and institution of the review committee, in addition to the approval number. Again, this information should be included within the title page, as opposed to the main document in order to facilitate anonymous peer review.

    For research articles, authors are also required to state in the methods section whether participants provided informed consent and whether the consent was written or verbal.

    Information on informed consent to report individual cases or case series should be included in the manuscript text. A statement is required regarding whether written informed consent for patient information and images to be published was provided by the patient(s) or a legally authorized representative.

    Please also refer to the ICMJE Recommendations for the Protection of Research Participants.

    All research involving animals submitted for publication must be approved by an ethics committee with oversight of the facility in which the studies were conducted. The Journal has adopted the ARRIVE guidelines.

    2.7 Clinical trials

    Acta Radiologica conforms to the ICMJE requirement that clinical trials are registered in a WHO-approved public trials registry at or before the time of first patient enrolment as a condition of consideration for publication. The trial registry name and URL, and registration number must be included at the end of the abstract.

    2.8 Reporting guidelines

    The relevant EQUATOR Network reporting guidelines should be followed depending on the type of study. For example, all randomized controlled trials submitted for publication should include a completed CONSORT flow chart as a cited figure and the completed CONSORT checklist should be uploaded with your submission as a supplementary file. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses should include the completed PRISMA flow chart as a cited figure and the completed PRISMA checklist should be uploaded with your submission as a supplementary file. The EQUATOR wizard can help you identify the appropriate guideline.

    Other resources can be found at NLM’s Research Reporting Guidelines and Initiatives

    2.9 Data

    Sage acknowledges the importance of research data availability as an integral part of the research and verification process for academic journal articles.

    Acta Radiologica requests all authors submitting any primary data used in their research articles to be published in the online version of the journal, or provide detailed information in their articles on how the data can be obtained. This information should include links to third-party data repositories or detailed contact information for third-party data sources. Data available only on an author-maintained website will need to be loaded onto either the journal’s platform or a third-party platform to ensure continuing accessibility.

    Examples of data types include but are not limited to statistical data files, replication code, text files, audio files, images, videos, appendices, and additional charts and graphs necessary to understand the original research. The editor may consider limited embargoes on proprietary data. The editor can also grant exceptions for data that cannot legally or ethically be released. All data submitted should comply with Institutional or Ethical Review Board requirements and applicable government regulations. For further information, please contact the editorial office at eic.acta.radiol@gmail.com.

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    3. Publishing Policies

    3.1 Publication ethics

    Sage is committed to upholding the integrity of the academic record. We encourage authors to refer to the Committee on Publication Ethics’ International Standards for Authors and view the Publication Ethics page on the Sage Author Gateway.

    3.1.1 Plagiarism

    Acta Radiologica and Sage take issues of copyright infringement, plagiarism or other breaches of best practice in publication very seriously. We seek to protect the rights of our authors and we always investigate claims of plagiarism or misuse of published articles. Equally, we seek to protect the reputation of the journal against malpractice. Submitted articles may be checked with duplication-checking software. Where an article, for example, is found to have plagiarized other work or included third-party copyright material without permission or with insufficient acknowledgement, or where the authorship of the article is contested, we reserve the right to take action including, but not limited to: publishing an erratum or corrigendum (correction); retracting the article; taking up the matter with the head of department or dean of the author's institution and/or relevant academic bodies or societies; or taking appropriate legal action.

    3.1.2 Prior publication

    If material has been previously published it is not generally acceptable for publication in a Sage journal. However, there are certain circumstances where previously published material can be considered for publication. Please refer to the guidance on the Sage Author Gateway or if in doubt, contact the Editor at the address given below. 

    Please note that Acta Radiologica does not accept submission of papers that have been posted on pre-print servers.

    3.2 Contributor's publishing agreement

    Before publication, Sage requires the author as the rights holder to sign a Journal Contributor’s Publishing Agreement. Sage’s Journal Contributor’s Publishing Agreement is an exclusive license agreement which means that the author retains copyright in the work but grants Sage the sole and exclusive right and license to publish for the full legal term of copyright. Exceptions may exist where an assignment of copyright is required or preferred by a proprietor other than Sage. In this case copyright in the work will be assigned from the author to the society. For more information please visit the Sage Author Gateway

    3.3 Open access and author archiving

    Acta Radiologica offers optional open access publishing via the Sage Choice programme and Open Access agreements, where authors can publish open access either discounted or free of charge depending on the agreement with Sage. Find out if your institution is participating by visiting Open Access Agreements at Sage. For more information on Open Access publishing options at Sage please visit Sage Open Access. For information on funding body compliance, and depositing your article in repositories, please visit Sage’s Author Archiving and Re-Use Guidelines and Publishing Policies.

    Authors may prefer to published their work in Acta Radiologica Open which is a fully open access title. Reviewers of Acta Radiologica qualify for a 20% discounts on Acta Radiologica Open publication fees.

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    4. Preparing your manuscript for submission

    **In order to ensure complete anonymity of the peer review process, authors are required to remove all identifying information from the main manuscript file – this includes any references to the names and institutions of the authors, funding information, conflicting interests information, trial registration numbers and any references to prior research in which a reference to a previously published article is listed. All identifiable information – including declarations should only be included as part of the title page. **

    4.1 Formatting

    The preferred format for your manuscript is Word. 

    The manuscript for journal articles should be written in the following order with the following subheadings:

    Title page
    Title page, including manuscript title, author(s)'s names and surnames, affiliation(s), corresponding author's name, address, fax and e-mail; must be uploaded as a separate file on Manuscript Central to allow double-anonymize peer-review. To secure a anonymized review, the acknowledgement, conflict of interest and funding should be given on the title page, and not in the manuscript itself. Such information will be included in the manuscript when the article has been accepted. Provide a anonymize title page with title only as the first page of the manuscript. The manuscript itself has to be cleared of any information that unveils the identity of the authors and their institution to allow double-anonymize peer-review.

    Abstract  heading should be in letter size bold 14, main text should be in normal 12.
    The Abstract must under no circumstances exceed 250 words and must be organized in the following subsections:
    Background of the article (max 2 medium-length sentences). Heading should be in letter size bold 12, main text normal 12.
    Purpose (should always start as: “To…” and consist of one sentence only). Heading should be in letter size bold 12, main text normal 12.
    Material and Methods heading should be in letter size bold 12, main text normal 12.
    Results heading should be in letter size bold 12, main text normal 12.
    Conclusion heading should be in letter size bold 12, main text normal 12.

    Key words (Up to six key words should be provided. Use the drop-down menu in Manuscript Central)
    Review articles should have a non-structured Abstract which should be limited to 100 words. Short reports should have an Abstract structured like an original article. The number of words must not exceed 150 words.

    Main body
    The Abstract and main body together should as a rule not exceed 3,000 words. The main body of an original article and a short report should be organized in the following sections:

    Introduction
    Material and Methods
    Results
    Discussion, with the conclusion as a last paragraph starting with "In conclusion, ..."

    All headings should have letter size bold 14. Subheadings in the main body should have letter size italics 14.

    Acknowledgements (additional information available – Section 2.3)
    Any acknowledgements should appear first at the end of your article prior to your Declaration of Conflicting Interests (if applicable), any notes and your References. All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in ‘Acknowledgements’ section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help, writing assistance, or a department chair who provided only general support. Authors should disclose whether they had any writing assistance and identify the entity that paid for this assistance.

    Conflict of interest (additional information available – Section 2.5)
    Within your Journal Contributor’s Publishing Agreement you will be required to make a certification with respect to a declaration of conflicting interests. It is the policy of Acta Radiologica to require a declaration of conflicting interests from all authors enabling a statement to be carried within the paginated pages of all published articles.

    Please include any declaration at the end of your manuscript after any acknowledgements prior to the references, under a heading ‘Declaration of Conflicting Interests’. If no declaration is made the following will be printed under this heading in your article: ‘None declared’. Alternatively, you may wish to state that ‘The Author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interest’.

    When making a declaration the disclosure information must be specific and include any financial relationship that all authors of the article has with any sponsoring organization and the for-profit interests the organization represents, and with any for-profit product discussed or implied in the text of the article.

    Any commercial or financial involvements that might represent an appearance of a conflict of interest need to be additionally disclosed in the covering letter accompanying your article to assist the Editor in evaluating whether sufficient disclosure has been made within the Declaration of Conflicting Interests provided in the article.

    Funding (additional information available – Section 2.4))
    Acta Radiologica requires all authors to acknowledge their funding in a consistent fashion under a separate heading. Please visit the Funding Acknowledgements page on the Sage Journal Author Gateway to confirm the format of the acknowledgment text in the event of funding, or state that: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. 

    References
    Please refer to the reference style guide. References in the text should appear as numbers starting at (1) within parentheses. At the end of the paper they should be listed (double-spaced) in numerical order corresponding to the order of citation in the text. All authors should be quoted for papers with up to three authors; for papers with more than three authors, list the first three followed by 'et al.'. Abbreviations for titles of medical periodicals should conform to those used in the latest edition of Index Medicus. The first and last page numbers for each reference must be provided. This applies to all published material including textbooks. The year followed by ";", volume followed by ":" and the pages; the issue should not be mentioned. Abstracts and letters must be identified as such. The DOI number should be listed for articles that have been accepted for publication but have not yet been.

    Examples:

    Journal Article

    Kuchenbecker S, Faby S, Sawall S, et al. Dual energy CT: how well can pseudo-monochromatic imaging reduce metal artifacts? Med Phys 2015;42:1023–1036.
    Hofmann S, Kramer J, Vakil-Adli A, et al. Painful bone marrow edema of the knee: differential diagnosis and therapeutic concepts. Orthop Clin North Am 2004;35:321–333, ix.

    Authors: Last name followed by initials; no comma in between. Authors are separated by commas. If there are more than 3 authors, list 3 authors and “, et al.”
    Article Title: First word after colon should be lowercase.
    Journal Title: Journal titles should follow Index Medicus abbreviations. Journal titles should appear in roman type. No period following journal title.
    Publication Details: No spaces between year, volume, and page numbers. Do not include issue numbers. Semicolon should separate year and volume; colon should separate volume and page numbers. Include the entire page range, even if some numbers are repeated (correct: 1023–1036; not correct: 1023–36). Use an en-dash for page ranges. Use a comma for discontinuous page ranges. DOI number should be listed for articles that have been accepted for publication but have not yet been published.

    Book

    Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS, et al. Medical microbiology. 4th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 2002.

    Authors: Last name followed by initials; no comma in between. Authors are separated by commas. If there are more than 3 authors, list 3 authors and “, et al.”
    Book Title: Roman, first word after colon should be lowercase.
    Publication Details: City (then if US, state abbreviation), colon, publisher, comma, year of publication.

    Book Chapter

    Thomsen HS. Delayed reactions: nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. In: Thomsen HS, Webb JAW, eds. Contrast media. Safety issues and ESUR guidelines. 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 2009:187–196.
    Chapter authors: Last name followed by initials; no comma in between. Authors are separated by commas. If there are more than 3 authors, list 3 authors and “, et al.”
    Chapter Title: Roman, first word after colon should be lowercase.
    Book editors: Last name followed by initials; no comma in between. Editors are separated by commas. If there are more than 3 authors, list 3 authors and “, et al.”
    Publication Details: City (then if US, state abbreviation), colon, publisher, comma, year of publication, colon, entire page range, even if some numbers are repeated (correct: 1023–1036; not correct: 1023–36). Use an en-dash for page ranges. Use a comma for discontinuous page ranges.

    Poster Presentation

    Chasman J, Kaplan RF. The effects of occupation on preserved cognitive functioning in dementia. Poster presented at: 4th annual conference of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology; 2006 Jun 15-17; Philadelphia, PA.

    Authors: Last name followed by initials; no comma in between. Authors are separated by commas. If there are more than 3 authors, list 3 authors and “, et al.”
    Title: Roman, first word after colon should be lowercase.
    Publication Details: Poster presented at: conference title, semicolon, date of conference, semicolon, city (then if US, state abbreviation).

    Proceedings of Meetings and Symposia

    Grassby AJ. Health care in the multi-cultural society. In: Walpole R, ed. Rural health. Proceedings of the Rural Health Conference of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners; 1978 Sept 12-15; Melbourne. Melbourne: The Royal Australian College of Practioners, 1979:49–50.

    Authors: Last name followed by initials; no comma in between. Authors are separated by commas. If there are more than 3 authors, list 3 authors and “, et al.”
    Title: Roman, first word after colon should be lowercase.
    Proceedings editor: Last name followed by initials; no comma in between. Editors are separated by commas. If there are more than 3 authors, list 3 authors and “, et al.”
    Publication Details: Proceedings title, semicolon, date of conference, semicolon, city (then if US, state abbreviation). Publisher city (then if US, state abbreviation), colon, publisher, comma, year, colon, entire page range, even if some numbers are repeated (correct: 1023–1036; not correct: 1023–36). Use an en-dash for page ranges. Use a comma for discontinuous page ranges.

    Technical and Research Report

    World Health Organization. First WHO global forum on medical devices: context, outcomes, and future actions. Geneva: WHO, 2011. Available at: www.who.int/medical_devices/gfmd_report_final.pdf (accessed 17 November 2015).
    UNSCEAR 2008 Report. Volume I. Annex A. Available at: www.unscear.org/docs/reports/2008/09-86753_Report_2008_Annex_A.pdf (accessed 22 November 2015).
    UNSCEAR 1958 Report. Annex C. Available at: www.unscear.org/docs/reports/1958,%2013th%20session%20(Suppl.%20No.17)/1958final-2_unscear.pdf (accessed 22November 2015).

    Authors: Organization name or last name followed by initials; no comma in between. Authors are separated by commas. If there are more than 3 authors, list 3 authors and “, et al.”
    Title: Roman, first word after colon should be lowercase.
    Publication Details: City (then if US, state abbreviation), colon, publisher, comma, year or Available at:, link, date accessed in parentheses, full stop.

    Dissertation

    O’Brien KA. The philosophical and empirical intersections of Chinese medicine and western medicine [dissertation]. Melbourne: Monash University, 2006.

    Author: Last name followed by initials; no comma in between.
    Title: Roman, first word after colon should be lowercase, [dissertation] following.
    Publication Details: City (then if US, state abbreviation), colon, university, comma, year.

    Electronic Material

    Maton F, van der Elst L, Muller RN. Influence of human proteins on the relaxivity of Gd(III) complexes. Available at: http://www.b.dk/upload/webred/bmsandbox/uploads/2012/03/bb81a28663015b7a1d828ee723de7a26.pdf (accessed 1st August 2012).

    Authors: Last name followed by initials; no comma in between. Authors are separated by commas. If there are more than 3 authors, list 3 authors and “, et al.”
    Title: Roman, first word after colon should be lowercase.
    Publication Details: Available at:, link, date accessed in parentheses, full stop

    Legal Documents

    COMMISSION DECISION of 1.7.2010 concerning, in the framework of Article 31 of Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, the marketing authorizations for Gadolinium-containing contrast agents for human use which contain one or more of the active substances “gadodiamide, gadopentetic acid, gadobenic acid, gadoxetic acid, gadoteridol, gadobutrol and gadoteric acid”. Available at: http://www.esur.org/fileadmin/NSF/NSF_Referral-EC_Decision-Annexes-en_Ju... (accessed August 2012).

    Tables
    The Tables should be located immediately after the references in the manuscript.
    All tables together should under no circumstances exceed two printed pages in volume. If the presentation of the data necessitates more space, some of the Tables should be prepared to be published online only.
    All Tables should be self-explanatory. Each Table must have a short descriptive title placed at the top of the Table. Abbreviations/necessary explanations should be located below.
    The Tables should not repeat results presented in the text. There must not be any kind of double-documentation between text and Tables.
    Table must be presented in MS Word by using rows and column format. Format tables with horizontal lines only, at the top and bottom of the table as well as below the headers.

    Figure legends
    Graphic elements and illustrations are accepted if providing unique data that cannot be described in the text, and should be clearly marked with Arabic numbers as they appear in the text. Figure legends should be provided after the tables, numbered as Fig. 1 etc. in consecutive order. To ensure correct placement in the journal layout, note the figure reference (abbreviated) within parentheses when referring to the figure in text, e.g. (Fig. 1). Figure files should be uploaded as separate files, in TIF, EPS, PDF or JPG format and should not be included in the submitted manuscript file.

    4.2 Artwork, figures and other graphics

    For guidance on the preparation of illustrations, pictures and graphs in electronic format, please visit Sage’s Manuscript Submission Guidelines.

    Figures supplied in color will appear in color online regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version. For specifically requested color reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Sage after receipt of your accepted article. 

    4.3 Supplementary material

    This journal is able to host additional materials online (e.g. datasets, podcasts, videos, images etc.) alongside the full-text of the article. For more information please refer to our guidelines on submitting supplementary files.

    4.4 Reference style

    Please see section 4.1 for more additional instructions and examples.

    4.5 English language editing services

    Authors seeking assistance with English language editing, translation, or figure and manuscript formatting to fit the journal’s specifications should consider using Sage Language Services. Visit Sage Language Services on our Journal Author Gateway for further information. 

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    5. Submitting your manuscript

    Acta Radiologica is hosted on Sage Track, a web based online submission and peer review system powered by ScholarOne™ Manuscripts. Visit http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/srad to login and submit your article online.

    IMPORTANT: Please check whether you already have an account in the system before trying to create a new one. If you have reviewed or authored for the journal in the past year it is likely that you will have had an account created.  For further guidance on submitting your manuscript online please visit ScholarOne Online Help.

    5.1 ORCID

    As part of our commitment to ensuring an ethical, transparent and fair peer review process Sage is a supporting member of ORCID, the Open Researcher and Contributor ID. ORCID provides a unique and persistent digital identifier that distinguishes researchers from every other researcher, even those who share the same name, and, through integration in key research workflows such as manuscript and grant submission, supports automated linkages between researchers and their professional activities, ensuring that their work is recognized.

    The collection of ORCID iDs from corresponding authors is now part of the submission process of this journal. If you already have an ORCID iD you will be asked to associate that to your submission during the online submission process. We also strongly encourage all co-authors to link their ORCID ID to their accounts in our online peer review platforms. It takes seconds to do: click the link when prompted, sign into your ORCID account and our systems are automatically updated. Your ORCID iD will become part of your accepted publication’s metadata, making your work attributable to you and only you. Your ORCID iD is published with your article so that fellow researchers reading your work can link to your ORCID profile and from there link to your other publications.

    If you do not already have an ORCID iD please follow this link to create one or visit our ORCID homepage to learn more.

    5.2 Information required for completing your submission

    You will be asked to provide contact details and academic affiliations for all co-authors via the submission system and identify who is to be the corresponding author. These details must match what appears on your manuscript. At this stage please ensure you have included all the required statements and declarations and uploaded any additional supplementary files (including reporting guidelines where relevant).

    5.3 Permissions

    Please also ensure that you have obtained any necessary permission from copyright holders for reproducing any illustrations, tables, figures or lengthy quotations previously published elsewhere. For further information including guidance on fair dealing for criticism and review, please see the Copyright and Permissions page on the Sage Author Gateway.

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    6. On acceptance and publication

    6.1 Sage Production

    Your Sage Production Editor will keep you informed as to your article’s progress throughout the production process. Proofs will be sent by PDF to the corresponding author and should be returned promptly.  Authors are reminded to check their proofs carefully to confirm that all author information, including names, affiliations, sequence and contact details are correct, and that Funding and Conflict of Interest statements, if any, are accurate.

    6.2 Online First publication

    Online First allows final articles (completed and approved articles awaiting assignment to a future issue) to be published online prior to their inclusion in a journal issue, which significantly reduces the lead time between submission and publication. Visit the Sage Journals help page for more details, including how to cite Online First articles.

    6.3 Access to your published article

    Sage provides authors with online access to their final article.

    6.4 Promoting your article

    Publication is not the end of the process! You can help disseminate your paper and ensure it is as widely read and cited as possible. The Sage Author Gateway has numerous resources to help you promote your work. Visit the Promote Your Article page on the Gateway for tips and advice.  

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    7. Further information

    Any correspondence, queries or additional requests for information on the manuscript submission process should be sent to the Acta Radiologica editorial office as follows:

    Editor, Professor Henrik S. Thomsen, eic.acta.radiol@gmail.com 

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