1. Introduction
2. What Is Science?
3. What Is Politics?
The Exit, Voice, and Loyalty Game
Solving the Exit, Voice, and Loyalty Game
Evaluating the Exit, Voice, and Loyalty Game
Preparation for the Problems
4. The Origins of the Modern State
The Social Contract View of the State
The Predatory View of the State
Preparation for the Problems
5. Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement
Early Democracy versus Modern Democracy
Classifying Democracies and Dictatorships
6. The Economic Determinants of Democracy and Dictatorship
A Brief Overview of Modernization Theory
Modernization Theory and Democracy
The Conditionality of Modernization Theory
7. The Cultural Determinants of Democracy and Dictatorship
Classical Cultural Arguments: Mill and Montesquieu
Does Democracy Require a Civic Culture?
Are Some Religions Incompatible with Democracy?
8. Democratic Transitions
Bottom-Up Transitions to Democracy
Top-Down Transitions to Democracy
Preparation for Problems Dealing with Incomplete Information Games
9. Varieties of Dictatorship
A Common Typology of Authoritarian Regimes
The Two Fundamental Problems of Authoritarian Rule
10. Problems with Group Decision Making
Problems with Group Decision Making
11. Parliamentary, Presidential, and Semi-Presidential Democracies
Governments in Parliamentary Democracies
Governments in Presidential Democracies
Governments in Semi-Presidential Democracies
A Unifying Framework: Principal-Agent and Delegation Problems
12. Elections and Electoral Systems
Elections and Electoral Integrity
Legislative Electoral System Choice
13. Parties, Party Systems, and Party Competition
Political Parties: What Are They, and What Do They Do?
Types of Political Parties
The Number of Political Parties
14. Institutional Veto Players
15. Consequences of Democratic Institutions
Majoritarian or Consensus Democracy?
The Effect of Political Institutions on Fiscal Policy
Electoral Laws, Federalism, and Ethnic Conflict
Presidentialism and Democratic Survival